使用1Panel部署Akkoma

在部署完 Sharkey 后我又看到了 Pleroma 的一个分支 ——Akkoma，看起来比 Sharkey 更加轻量化。

(Mastodon 我就不指望了，毕竟小微型服务器)

所以蠢蠢欲动之下又开始了部署之旅

本文分享的方法是通过 1panel 进行傻瓜式的安装，测试系统 Debian 12。

欢迎大伙加入联邦宇宙。

官方库：https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma/

官方文档：https://docs.akkoma.dev/stable/

准备工作#

在部署前你需要准备一个域名、一个系统纯净的 VPS，本文使用的是 Debian 12 系统，如果你是其他系统，请根据官方文档自己查找相关代码。

设置 Swap#

（或在 1panel 面板中的 工具箱 - 快速设置 - Swap 中找到）

wget https://www.moerats.com/usr/shell/swap.sh && bash swap.sh

正式部署#

安装 curl#

apt install curl

安装 1Panel#

1panel 官方文档：https://1panel.cn/docs/installation/online_installation/

在安装 1Panel 的过程中同时会安装 Docker 和 Docker-Compose

我使用的 Debian

curl -sSL https://resource.fit2cloud.com/1panel/package/quick_start.sh -o quick_start.sh && bash quick_start.sh

创建名为 akkoma 的用户#

sudo useradd -r -s /bin/false -m -d /var/lib/akkoma -U akkoma

为 akkoma 添加 Docker 权限#

sudo usermod -aG docker akkoma

新建一个 Shell 窗口，使用 akkoma 登录#

su -l akkoma -s $SHELL

回到原来的 root 窗口，给予 akkoma 文件夹权限，并拉取资源#

sudo mkdir -p /opt/akkoma
sudo chown -R akkoma:akkoma /opt/akkoma
sudo -Hu akkoma git clone https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma.git -b stable /opt/akkoma

回到 akkoma 窗口，进入下载目录#

cd /opt/akkoma

修改 docker-composed.yml 文件#

version: "3.7"

services:
  db:
    image: akkoma-db:latest
    build: ./docker-resources/database
    restart: unless-stopped
    user: ${DOCKER_USER}
    environment: {
      # This might seem insecure but is usually not a problem.
      # You should leave this at the "akkoma" default.
      # The DB is only reachable by containers in the same docker network,
      # and is not exposed to the open internet.
      #
      # If you do change this, remember to update "config.exs".
      POSTGRES_DB: akkoma,
      POSTGRES_USER: akkoma,
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: akkoma,
    }
    env_file:
      - .env 
    volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./pgdata
        target: /var/lib/postgresql/data

  akkoma:
    image: akkoma:latest
    build: .
    restart: unless-stopped
    env_file:
      - .env
    links:
      - db
    ports: [
      # Uncomment/Change port mappings below as needed.
      # The left side is your host machine, the right one is the akkoma container.
      # You can prefix the left side with an ip.

      # Webserver (for reverse-proxies outside of docker)
      # If you use a dockerized proxy, you can leave this commented
      # and use a container link instead.
      "0.0.0.0:4000:4000",
    ]
    volumes:
      - .:/opt/akkoma

  # Uncomment the following if you want to use a reverse proxy
  #proxy:
  #  image: caddy:2-alpine
  #  restart: unless-stopped
  #  links:
  #    - akkoma
  #  ports: [
  #     "443:443",
  #     "80:80"
  #  ]
  #  volumes:
  #    - ./docker-resources/Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
  #    - ./caddy-data:/data
  #    - ./caddy-config:/config

我作出的更改：

akkoma 部署 ip从 127.0.0.1 改为 0.0.0.0。

开始按照官方文档进行部署#

cp docker-resources/env.example .env
echo "DOCKER_USER=$(id -u):$(id -g)" >> .env

构建容器#

./docker-resources/build.sh

生成实例#

mkdir pgdata
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix deps.get
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix compile
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.instance gen

在输入完最后一行代码时，它会问你几个问题

数据库主机名是 db，数据库密码是 akkoma（不要回车自动生成），你需要将 IP 设置为 0.0.0.0。

输入参数#

What domain will your instance use? 
(e.g akkoma.example.com) [] #输入自己的实例域名

What is the name of your instance? 
(e.g. The Corndog Emporium) [kaixin.meme] #站点名称
What is your admin email address? [] #管理员邮箱
What email address do you want to use for sending email notifications? [[email protected]]  #用于发送邮件的邮箱
Do you want search engines to index your site? (y/n) [y]  #是否启用搜索功能
Do you want to store the configuration in the database (allows controlling it from admin-fe)? (y/n) [n]  #是否允许管理员面板修改数据库内容，建议开启
What is the hostname of your database? [localhost] #数据库的地址，如果使用docker，填db
# 这三项都填akkoma
# ——————————————————
What is the name of your database? [akkoma]   
What is the user used to connect to your database? [akkoma]  
What is the password used to connect to your database? [autogenerated]  akkoma
# ——————————————————
Would you like to use RUM indices? [n]  #因为不清楚是用于什么的，我没有开启（诶嘿，小白
What port will the app listen to (leave it if you are using the default setup with nginx)? [4000]  #端口号
What ip will the app listen to (leave it if you are using the default setup with nginx)? [127.0.0.1]  0.0.0.0 #我用1panel，所以写0.0.0.0
#下面两项我都没有改
# ————————————————
What directory should media uploads go in (when using the local uploader)? [uploads]  
What directory should custom public files be read from (custom emojis, frontend bundle overrides, robots.txt, etc.)? [instance/static/] 
# ————————————————
Do you want to strip location (GPS) data from uploaded images? This requires exiftool, it was detected as installed. (y/n) [y]  n #是否从上传的照片获取GPS信息，我没开启
Do you want to anonymize the filenames of uploads? (y/n) [n]  y #匿名化文件名，我开了
Do you want to deduplicate uploaded files? (y/n) [n]  y
#去除重复的已上传文件，我选是

如果 email 之类的输错了也没有关系，在 /config/generated_config.exs 文件下也可以进行修改

或者添加 --force 参数重新部署

继续部署#

cp config/generated_config.exs config/prod.secret.exs

初始化数据库#

docker compose run --rm --user akkoma -d db 
# Note down the name it gives here, it will be something like akkoma_db_run，可以登陆1panel-容器进行查看
docker compose run --rm akkoma psql -h db -U akkoma -f config/setup_db.psql
docker stop akkoma_db_run # Replace with the name you noted down,修改为你的容器名

运行迁移#

./docker-resources/manage.sh mix ecto.migrate

启动服务并在后台运行#

docker compose up -d

检查在 IP 地址：4000 上是否有服务，如果没有，可以看看之前是不是哪里还留着 127.0.0.1

如果一切顺利，那么可以继续创建账号了。

创建账号#

./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.user new MY_USERNAME MY_EMAIL@SOMEWHERE --admin

将 MY_USERNAME 改为你的用户名。

MY_EMAIL@SOMEWHERE 改为你的邮箱。

在运行完后会生成一个网址，用于设置初始账号密码，记得保存下来，在反代设置完 https 之后要用。

安装前端#

./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.frontend install pleroma-fe --ref stable
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.frontend install admin-fe --ref stable