使用1Panel部署Akkoma

在部署完 Sharkey 後我又看到了 Pleroma 的一個分支 ——Akkoma，看起來比 Sharkey 更加輕量化。

(Mastodon 我就不指望了，畢竟小微型伺服器)

所以蠢蠢欲動之下又開始了部署之旅

本文分享的方法是通過 1panel 進行傻瓜式的安裝，測試系統 Debian 12。

歡迎大夥加入聯邦宇宙。

官方庫：https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma/

官方文檔：https://docs.akkoma.dev/stable/

準備工作#

在部署前你需要準備一個域名、一個系統純淨的 VPS，本文使用的是 Debian 12 系統，如果你是其他系統，請根據官方文檔自己查找相關代碼。

設置 Swap#

（或在 1panel 面板中的 工具箱 - 快速設置 - Swap 中找到）

wget https://www.moerats.com/usr/shell/swap.sh && bash swap.sh

正式部署#

安裝 curl#

apt install curl

安裝 1Panel#

1panel 官方文檔：https://1panel.cn/docs/installation/online_installation/

在安裝 1Panel 的過程中同時會安裝 Docker 和 Docker-Compose

我使用的 Debian

curl -sSL https://resource.fit2cloud.com/1panel/package/quick_start.sh -o quick_start.sh && bash quick_start.sh

創建名為 akkoma 的用戶#

sudo useradd -r -s /bin/false -m -d /var/lib/akkoma -U akkoma

為 akkoma 添加 Docker 權限#

sudo usermod -aG docker akkoma

新建一個 Shell 窗口，使用 akkoma 登錄#

su -l akkoma -s $SHELL

回到原來的 root 窗口，給予 akkoma 文件夾權限，並拉取資源#

sudo mkdir -p /opt/akkoma
sudo chown -R akkoma:akkoma /opt/akkoma
sudo -Hu akkoma git clone https://akkoma.dev/AkkomaGang/akkoma.git -b stable /opt/akkoma

回到 akkoma 窗口，進入下載目錄#

cd /opt/akkoma

修改 docker-composed.yml 文件#

version: "3.7"

services:
  db:
    image: akkoma-db:latest
    build: ./docker-resources/database
    restart: unless-stopped
    user: ${DOCKER_USER}
    environment: {
      # This might seem insecure but is usually not a problem.
      # You should leave this at the "akkoma" default.
      # The DB is only reachable by containers in the same docker network,
      # and is not exposed to the open internet.
      #
      # If you do change this, remember to update "config.exs".
      POSTGRES_DB: akkoma,
      POSTGRES_USER: akkoma,
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: akkoma,
    }
    env_file:
      - .env 
    volumes:
      - type: bind
        source: ./pgdata
        target: /var/lib/postgresql/data

  akkoma:
    image: akkoma:latest
    build: .
    restart: unless-stopped
    env_file:
      - .env
    links:
      - db
    ports: [
      # Uncomment/Change port mappings below as needed.
      # The left side is your host machine, the right one is the akkoma container.
      # You can prefix the left side with an ip.

      # Webserver (for reverse-proxies outside of docker)
      # If you use a dockerized proxy, you can leave this commented
      # and use a container link instead.
      "0.0.0.0:4000:4000",
    ]
    volumes:
      - .:/opt/akkoma

  # Uncomment the following if you want to use a reverse proxy
  #proxy:
  #  image: caddy:2-alpine
  #  restart: unless-stopped
  #  links:
  #    - akkoma
  #  ports: [
  #     "443:443",
  #     "80:80"
  #  ]
  #  volumes:
  #    - ./docker-resources/Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
  #    - ./caddy-data:/data
  #    - ./caddy-config:/config

我作出的更改：

akkoma 部署 ip 從 127.0.0.1 改為 0.0.0.0。

開始按照官方文檔進行部署#

cp docker-resources/env.example .env
echo "DOCKER_USER=$(id -u):$(id -g)" >> .env

構建容器#

./docker-resources/build.sh

生成實例#

mkdir pgdata
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix deps.get
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix compile
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.instance gen

在輸入完最後一行代碼時，它會問你幾個問題

資料庫主機名是 db，資料庫密碼是 akkoma（不要回車自動生成），你需要將 IP 設置為 0.0.0.0。

輸入參數#

What domain will your instance use? 
(e.g akkoma.example.com) [] #輸入自己的實例域名

What is the name of your instance? 
(e.g. The Corndog Emporium) [kaixin.meme] #站點名稱
What is your admin email address? [] #管理員郵箱
What email address do you want to use for sending email notifications? [[email protected]]  #用於發送郵件的郵箱
Do you want search engines to index your site? (y/n) [y]  #是否啟用搜索功能
Do you want to store the configuration in the database (allows controlling it from admin-fe)? (y/n) [n]  #是否允許管理面板修改資料庫內容，建議開啟
What is the hostname of your database? [localhost] #資料庫的地址，如果使用 docker，填 db
# 這三項都填 akkoma
# ——————————————————
What is the name of your database? [akkoma]   
What is the user used to connect to your database? [akkoma]  
What is the password used to connect to your database? [autogenerated]  akkoma
# ——————————————————
Would you like to use RUM indices? [n]  #因為不清楚是用於什麼的，我沒有開啟（誒嘿，小白
What port will the app listen to (leave it if you are using the default setup with nginx)? [4000]  #端口號
What ip will the app listen to (leave it if you are using the default setup with nginx)? [127.0.0.1]  0.0.0.0 #我用 1panel，所以寫 0.0.0.0
#下面兩項我都沒有改
# ————————————————
What directory should media uploads go in (when using the local uploader)? [uploads]  
What directory should custom public files be read from (custom emojis, frontend bundle overrides, robots.txt, etc.)? [instance/static/] 
# ————————————————
Do you want to strip location (GPS) data from uploaded images? This requires exiftool, it was detected as installed. (y/n) [y]  n #是否從上傳的照片獲取 GPS 信息，我沒開啟
Do you want to anonymize the filenames of uploads? (y/n) [n]  y #匿名化文件名，我開了
Do you want to deduplicate uploaded files? (y/n) [n]  y
#去除重複的已上傳文件，我選是

如果 email 之類的輸錯了也沒有關係，在 /config/generated_config.exs 文件下也可以進行修改

或者添加 --force 參數重新部署

繼續部署#

cp config/generated_config.exs config/prod.secret.exs

初始化資料庫#

docker compose run --rm --user akkoma -d db 
# Note down the name it gives here, it will be something like akkoma_db_run，可以登錄 1panel-容器進行查看
docker compose run --rm akkoma psql -h db -U akkoma -f config/setup_db.psql
docker stop akkoma_db_run # Replace with the name you noted down,修改為你的容器名

運行遷移#

./docker-resources/manage.sh mix ecto.migrate

啟動服務並在後台運行#

docker compose up -d

檢查在 IP 地址：4000 上是否有服務，如果沒有，可以看看之前是不是哪裡還留著 127.0.0.1

如果一切順利，那麼可以繼續創建帳號了。

創建帳號#

./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.user new MY_USERNAME MY_EMAIL@SOMEWHERE --admin

將 MY_USERNAME 改為你的用戶名。

MY_EMAIL@SOMEWHERE 改為你的郵箱。

在運行完後會生成一個網址，用於設置初始帳號密碼，記得保存下來，在反代設置完 https 之後要用。

安裝前端#

./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.frontend install pleroma-fe --ref stable
./docker-resources/manage.sh mix pleroma.frontend install admin-fe --ref stable